What are Fraud Monitoring Returns (FMRs)?

FMRs are reports that institutions must submit through a web portal to uniformly and consistently manage and report fraud incidents.

What are the 5 pillars of the fraud risk management framework?

Risk identification, risk assessment, prevention, detection, and response/monitoring form the five pillars that guide organisations in proactively managing and mitigating fraud.

What are the 4 types of risk management?

They include risk avoidance, risk reduction/mitigation, risk transfer (like insurance), and risk acceptance when the risk is manageable or low.

What are the 5 basic principles of risk management?

These include identifying risks early, assessing their impact, controlling and mitigating them, monitoring continuously, and communicating transparently across teams.

What are the 4 P's of fraud?

The 4 P's refer to Pressure, Perpetrator, Plan, and Performance—highlighting the motivation, the person, the method, and the execution of fraud.

What are the 7 principles of risk management?

They include creating value, being an integral part of processes, being systematic and structured, tailoring to the organisation, being transparent, considering human factors, and enabling continual improvement.

What are the 4 components of fraud?

Fraud typically involves four components: motive/pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and capability, which together enable fraudulent behaviour.

What are the 7 benefits of risk management?

Benefits include reduced losses, better decision-making, improved compliance, enhanced organisational resilience, increased stakeholder trust, cost savings, and smoother business continuity.

What are the 7 steps of risk management?

The steps are: identify risks, analyse risks, evaluate risks, prioritize them, apply mitigation measures, monitor risks continuously, and review/update the plan periodically.

Disclaimer: Jaagruk Bharat is a private organization offering support for documentation and government scheme access. We are not affiliated with any government body. Official services are available on respective government portals. Our goal is to make processes easier and more accessible for citizens.

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RBI's New Master Directions On Fraud Risk Management

Pragya Pathak

Author

Updated: 01-12-2025 at 3:30 PM

The Reserve Bank of India has recently issued updated RBI's new master directions on fraud risk management PDF to step up the fight against fraud in different financial sectors. Issued on 16th July 2024, these directions signify a significant departure from the existing regulatory criteria meant to consolidate and improve the overall soundness of financial operations in commercial banks, financial institutions, and other regulated entities.

The new guidelines by RBI replace the age-old instructions and offer a reporting mechanism through the digital channel, which is not only fast and efficient but also more structured. The new RBI circular on frauds also puts a focus on the fact that fraud identification and detection need constant supervision, accountability, and proactive monitoring.

Read the article to learn more about the Master Circular on Frauds Classification and Reporting, ranging from its key aspects and categories of fraud reporting to the impact of new guidelines.

Also Read: RBI's New Money Transfer Rules: Key Changes for Safer Transactions from November 1

The Essence Of The New RBI Circular On Frauds

This revised Master Direction is predicated upon revisiting earlier regulations and addressing emergent challenges in the financial sector. These RBI guidelines highlight that the board is key in governing and overseeing fraud risk management by Regulated Entities (REs).

Key Aspects Of The RBI's Revised Master Directions

The key aspects of the RBI's new master directions on fraud risk management are mentioned below in detailed points for one’s better understanding:

Scope of Application:

For instance, apart from the RBI Master Direction on Fraud Risk Management in Commercial Banks, cooperative banks, as well as NBFCs, including housing finance companies, have been brought within its ambit. This expansion of RBI guidelines on Fraud Risk Management for NBFC will now handle large digital lending operations. By bringing everything together, it will be easier for the financial institutions to govern and oversee functions diligently, which is crucial for fraud detection.

Simplification of Compliance:

Streamlining compliance through the elimination of 36 old circulars has provided relief to financial institutions by reducing their regulatory burden. Before, financial institutions struggled because of overlapping and numerous guidelines, which are not only harder to understand but also outdated. The Reserve Bank of India has eradicated this issue with the launch of the new Master Circular.

Improved Reporting Protocols:

Institutions must now report fraud more effectively via Fraud Monitoring Returns (FMRs) submitted through this web portal to ensure uniformity and consistency concerning how these incidents are reported and managed.

Categories for Fraud Reporting

To enhance clarity and response efficiency, institutions have categorised reported fraud into three major categories. These three categories help the authorities in quickly detecting fraud, assessing the risk, and implementing the strategic measures to catch the criminals. Those three categories of fraud reporting are as follows:

Misappropriation of funds: This category comprises activities wherein funds are fraudulently withdrawn, diverted, or misused by individuals within or outside an organisation. This includes unauthorised cash withdrawals, using the loan amount for purposes other than its intended purpose, manipulation of customer accounts for personal gain, etc. This is a serious threat as it directly affects the integrity of financial institutions and trust between the institution and its customers.
Forgery and manipulation of accounts: This category includes all frauds that arise from the falsification of important documents, signatures, financial statements, or other related records maintained by the financial institution. Such manipulation can also be done by employees of the financial institution who tamper with financial books or create fake accounts for the transfer of funds. These types of fraud often harm the internal workings of the financial institution.
Fraud related to electronic banking & digital payments: As the nation is shifting its work to digital platforms, this category has become extremely important. It comprises frauds that happen through technology like internet banking, Unified Payment Interface (UPI) transactions, mobile banking applications, misuse of credit and debit cards, digital wallets, and other such online payment systems. Some popular ways of digital fraud are phishing, SIM swapping, malware infection, unauthorised access to someone else’s accounts, card cloning, and others. People should stay aware of all types of fraudulent activities under this, as awareness is one of the most important tools to battle against them.

Impact and Benefits

These revisions are expected to significantly enhance the internal controls and fraud prevention mechanisms within banks and financial institutions. The whole idea is about focusing on governance and oversight, whose purpose is to make our financial system less vulnerable to fraudulent activities, hence protecting consumer interests while maintaining systemic stability.

Future Outlook

RBI, through the RBI's new master directions on fraud risk management, anticipates that there will be adoption of strong risk management frameworks among financial entities. The proactive approach aims at managing risks associated with fraudulent acts such that they can be effectively contained in the financial sector.

Conclusion

The new RBI Master Directions on Fraud Risk Management are important for modernising and strengthening India’s banking and finance sectors. These changes seek to make it easier for financial institutions to manage fraud more effectively, while also providing a framework that will enable them to do so.

The new guidelines create a much more secure, safe, and reliable financial environment that entities like consumers, investors, and financing institutions can trust and put their faith in. As the criminals are coming up with new ways of committing fraudulent activities, the RBI circular ensures that the banking sector is equipped to detect risks early and respond swiftly to it.

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